V Deep Analytical Report

Visa Inc. | Category: Equity Mega Cap | Ann. Div Yield: 0.79% ($2.52) | Last Updated: 2026-02-22 | Data Range: 2008-03-01 → 2026-02-01 (216 months)
Quick Overview
Timeframe C-C DoR σ
(Historical)
H-L DoR σ
(Historical)
O-C DoR σ
(Historical)
5Y ATRP
(Avg)
Binomial IV
(Period)
Yahoo IV
(Period)
1σ Lower
(68.27%)
1σ Upper 2σ Lower
(95.45%)
2σ Upper
Daily 1.79% 1.63% 1.53% 1.94% 1.48% 1.63% 316.23 325.74 311.57 330.61
Weekly 3.67% 3.85% 3.60% 4.55% 3.26% 3.60% 310.64 331.60 300.67 342.60
Monthly 6.40% 7.22% 6.32% 9.48% 6.80% 7.49% 299.87 343.52 280.17 367.67
Quarterly 9.55% 11.67% 9.87% 14.64% 11.77% 12.97% 285.31 361.04 253.63 406.13
Annual 23.54% 25.95% 253.63 406.13 200.44 513.92
Option Time Horizon 9.05% 9.98% 293.17 351.36 267.79 384.66
Calculation Notes: Computed at 2026-02-22T14:25 UTC  |  Reference Contract: Call option expiring 2026-04-17 (54 days)  |  Spot Price (S): $320.95  |  Strike (K): $325.00 (first OTM call ≥ spot)  |  Observed Mid-Price: $10.4500 (Bid $9.8500 / Ask $11.0500)  |  Risk-Free Rate (r): 3.72% (1-Month CMT, US Treasury)  |  Dividend Yield (q): 0.79%  |  Binomial IV (Annual): 23.54% (CRR binomial tree, American, n=20 steps)  |  BS IV: 23.74% (European Black-Scholes)  |  Yahoo IV (Annual): 25.95% → period-scaled as σperiod = σannual·√h  |  Price bands: Upper = S·e+σ√h, Lower = S·e−σ√h
Historical Dividend Payouts
Ex-Dividend Date Amount
2026-02-10 $0.6700
2025-11-12 $0.6700
2025-08-12 $0.5900
2025-05-13 $0.5900
2025-02-11 $0.5900
2024-11-12 $0.5900
2024-08-09 $0.5200
2024-05-16 $0.5200
2024-02-08 $0.5200
2023-11-08 $0.5200
2023-08-10 $0.4500
2023-05-11 $0.4500
2023-02-09 $0.4500
2022-11-09 $0.4500
2022-08-11 $0.3750
2022-05-12 $0.3750
2022-02-10 $0.3750
2021-11-10 $0.3750
2021-08-12 $0.3200
2021-05-13 $0.3200
2021-02-11 $0.3200
2020-11-12 $0.3200
2020-08-13 $0.3000
2020-05-13 $0.3000
2020-02-13 $0.3000
2019-11-14 $0.3000
2019-08-15 $0.2500
2019-05-16 $0.2500
2019-02-14 $0.2500
2018-11-15 $0.2500
2018-08-16 $0.2100
2018-05-17 $0.2100
2018-02-15 $0.2100
2017-11-16 $0.1950
2017-08-16 $0.1650
2017-05-17 $0.1650
2017-02-15 $0.1650
2016-11-16 $0.1650
2016-08-17 $0.1400
2016-05-11 $0.1400
2016-02-17 $0.1400
2015-11-10 $0.1400
2015-08-12 $0.1200
2015-05-13 $0.1200
2015-02-11 $0.1200
2014-11-12 $0.1200
2014-08-13 $0.1000
2014-05-14 $0.1000
2014-02-12 $0.1000
2013-11-13 $0.1000
2013-08-14 $0.0825
2013-05-15 $0.0825
2013-02-13 $0.0825
2012-11-14 $0.0825
2012-08-15 $0.0550
2012-05-16 $0.0550
2012-02-15 $0.0550
2011-11-16 $0.0550
2011-08-17 $0.0375
2011-05-18 $0.0375
2011-02-09 $0.0375
2010-11-17 $0.0375
2010-08-11 $0.0312
2010-05-12 $0.0312
2010-02-10 $0.0312
2009-11-12 $0.0312
2009-08-12 $0.0262
2009-05-13 $0.0262
2009-02-11 $0.0262
2008-11-12 $0.0262
2008-08-13 $0.0262
Close-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Fairly Symmetrical with a Skewness factor of 0.29. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 9.39 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -5.30%300.67%0.67%
-5.30% to -3.95%561.24%1.91%
-3.95% to -2.60%1393.08%4.99%
-2.60% to -1.26%46410.29%15.28%
-1.26% to 0.09%152133.73%49.01%
0.09% to 1.43%163936.35%85.36%
1.43% to 2.78%46010.20%95.56%
2.78% to 4.13%1082.40%97.96%
4.13% to 5.47%491.09%99.05%
Greater than 5.47%430.95%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -1.71%1.88% 80.44%68.27%
±2σ -3.50%3.68% 94.74%95.45%
±3σ -5.30%5.47% 98.38%99.73%
High-to-Low Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Highly Right Skewed (Extreme Positive Tail Risk) with a Skewness factor of 3.94. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 26.57 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -2.82%00.00%0.00%
-2.82% to -1.60%00.00%0.00%
-1.60% to -0.37%00.00%0.00%
-0.37% to 0.85%3668.12%8.12%
0.85% to 2.08%265458.85%66.96%
2.08% to 3.31%93820.80%87.76%
3.31% to 4.53%2726.03%93.79%
4.53% to 5.76%1322.93%96.72%
5.76% to 6.98%581.29%98.00%
Greater than 6.98%902.00%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ 0.45%3.71% 90.60%68.27%
±2σ -1.19%5.35% 96.10%95.45%
±3σ -2.82%6.98% 98.00%99.73%
Open-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Fairly Symmetrical with a Skewness factor of 0.29. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 9.52 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -4.62%390.86%0.86%
-4.62% to -3.47%370.82%1.69%
-3.47% to -2.32%1092.42%4.10%
-2.32% to -1.17%50211.13%15.23%
-1.17% to -0.02%163936.34%51.57%
-0.02% to 1.12%148732.97%84.55%
1.12% to 2.27%46310.27%94.81%
2.27% to 3.42%1433.17%97.98%
3.42% to 4.57%531.18%99.16%
Greater than 4.57%380.84%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -1.55%1.51% 80.18%68.27%
±2σ -3.08%3.04% 95.17%95.45%
±3σ -4.62%4.57% 98.29%99.73%
Close-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Fairly Symmetrical with a Skewness factor of 0.31. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 4.67 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -10.59%90.96%0.96%
-10.59% to -7.84%131.39%2.35%
-7.84% to -5.09%282.99%5.35%
-5.09% to -2.34%11111.87%17.22%
-2.34% to 0.41%28330.27%47.49%
0.41% to 3.16%34536.90%84.39%
3.16% to 5.91%10411.12%95.51%
5.91% to 8.66%272.89%98.40%
8.66% to 11.41%40.43%98.82%
Greater than 11.41%111.18%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -3.26%4.08% 78.29%68.27%
±2σ -6.92%7.74% 94.44%95.45%
±3σ -10.59%11.41% 97.86%99.73%
High-to-Low Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Highly Right Skewed (Extreme Positive Tail Risk) with a Skewness factor of 2.62. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 8.96 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -6.30%00.00%0.00%
-6.30% to -3.41%00.00%0.00%
-3.41% to -0.52%00.00%0.00%
-0.52% to 2.37%12613.46%13.46%
2.37% to 5.26%49352.67%66.13%
5.26% to 8.15%18619.87%86.00%
8.15% to 11.04%677.16%93.16%
11.04% to 13.93%303.21%96.37%
13.93% to 16.82%70.75%97.12%
Greater than 16.82%272.88%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ 1.41%9.12% 88.78%68.27%
±2σ -2.44%12.97% 95.62%95.45%
±3σ -6.30%16.82% 97.12%99.73%
Open-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Right Skewed (Positive Asymmetry) with a Skewness factor of 0.69. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 4.69 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -10.97%90.96%0.96%
-10.97% to -8.28%40.43%1.39%
-8.28% to -5.58%262.78%4.17%
-5.58% to -2.88%10511.22%15.38%
-2.88% to -0.19%37940.49%55.88%
-0.19% to 2.51%26328.10%83.97%
2.51% to 5.21%9410.04%94.02%
5.21% to 7.90%272.88%96.90%
7.90% to 10.60%171.82%98.72%
Greater than 10.60%121.28%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -3.78%3.41% 79.38%68.27%
±2σ -7.38%7.00% 94.66%95.45%
±3σ -10.97%10.60% 97.76%99.73%
Close-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Fairly Symmetrical with a Skewness factor of 0.34. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 2.95 proves the distribution possesses Fat Tails (Higher Outlier Risk).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -17.51%20.93%0.93%
-17.51% to -12.71%00.00%0.93%
-12.71% to -7.92%115.12%6.05%
-7.92% to -3.12%3315.35%21.40%
-3.12% to 1.68%5826.98%48.37%
1.68% to 6.47%7133.02%81.40%
6.47% to 11.27%2913.49%94.88%
11.27% to 16.07%83.72%98.60%
16.07% to 20.86%20.93%99.53%
Greater than 20.86%10.47%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -4.72%8.07% 72.09%68.27%
±2σ -11.12%14.47% 95.35%95.45%
±3σ -17.51%20.86% 98.60%99.73%
High-to-Low Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Highly Right Skewed (Extreme Positive Tail Risk) with a Skewness factor of 2.25. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 6.25 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -10.25%00.00%0.00%
-10.25% to -4.84%00.00%0.00%
-4.84% to 0.57%00.00%0.00%
0.57% to 5.99%3918.06%18.06%
5.99% to 11.40%10046.30%64.35%
11.40% to 16.82%4319.91%84.26%
16.82% to 22.23%198.80%93.06%
22.23% to 27.65%83.70%96.76%
27.65% to 33.06%00.00%96.76%
Greater than 33.06%73.24%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ 4.18%18.62% 86.57%68.27%
±2σ -3.03%25.84% 95.83%95.45%
±3σ -10.25%33.06% 96.76%99.73%
Open-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Right Skewed (Positive Asymmetry) with a Skewness factor of 0.55. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 2.53 proves the distribution possesses Fat Tails (Higher Outlier Risk).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -20.01%10.46%0.46%
-20.01% to -15.27%10.46%0.93%
-15.27% to -10.53%73.24%4.17%
-10.53% to -5.80%3315.28%19.44%
-5.80% to -1.06%7735.65%55.09%
-1.06% to 3.68%5525.46%80.56%
3.68% to 8.42%2812.96%93.52%
8.42% to 13.15%104.63%98.15%
13.15% to 17.89%20.93%99.07%
Greater than 17.89%20.93%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -7.38%5.26% 73.61%68.27%
±2σ -13.69%11.58% 96.30%95.45%
±3σ -20.01%17.89% 98.61%99.73%
Close-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Fairly Symmetrical with a Skewness factor of -0.24. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 1.13 proves the distribution possesses Fat Tails (Higher Outlier Risk).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -24.16%00.00%0.00%
-24.16% to -16.99%22.78%2.78%
-16.99% to -9.83%56.94%9.72%
-9.83% to -2.67%56.94%16.67%
-2.67% to 4.50%2230.56%47.22%
4.50% to 11.66%2636.11%83.33%
11.66% to 18.82%811.11%94.44%
18.82% to 25.99%34.17%98.61%
25.99% to 33.15%11.39%100.00%
Greater than 33.15%00.00%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -5.05%14.05% 72.22%68.27%
±2σ -14.61%23.60% 95.83%95.45%
±3σ -24.16%33.15% 100.00%99.73%
High-to-Low Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Highly Right Skewed (Extreme Positive Tail Risk) with a Skewness factor of 2.65. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 9.04 proves the distribution possesses Extreme Fat Tails (Frequent Outliers, Leptokurtic).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -14.54%00.00%0.00%
-14.54% to -5.78%00.00%0.00%
-5.78% to 2.97%00.00%0.00%
2.97% to 11.72%1013.70%13.70%
11.72% to 20.47%3852.05%65.75%
20.47% to 29.23%1723.29%89.04%
29.23% to 37.98%34.11%93.15%
37.98% to 46.73%22.74%95.89%
46.73% to 55.48%11.37%97.26%
Greater than 55.48%22.74%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ 8.80%32.14% 84.93%68.27%
±2σ -2.87%43.81% 94.52%95.45%
±3σ -14.54%55.48% 97.26%99.73%
Open-to-Close Returns
Gram-Charlier Analysis: Data reveals Right Skewed (Positive Asymmetry) with a Skewness factor of 0.82. Further, an Excess Kurtosis of 2.54 proves the distribution possesses Fat Tails (Higher Outlier Risk).
Bin Distribution Over Raw Range
Bin / RangeFrequencyProbCum. Prob
Less than -33.13%00.00%0.00%
-33.13% to -25.73%11.37%1.37%
-25.73% to -18.33%11.37%2.74%
-18.33% to -10.93%912.33%15.07%
-10.93% to -3.53%2939.73%54.79%
-3.53% to 3.88%2230.14%84.93%
3.88% to 11.28%45.48%90.41%
11.28% to 18.68%56.85%97.26%
18.68% to 26.08%11.37%98.63%
Greater than 26.08%11.37%100.00%
Standard Deviation Interval Analysis
SDLower BndUpper Bnd Actual %Normal %
±1σ -13.39%6.34% 76.71%68.27%
±2σ -23.26%16.21% 93.15%95.45%
±3σ -33.13%26.08% 98.63%99.73%